Increasing water demands and insufficient water resources has became the main reasons of raising water conflicts among stakeholders in Sefidroud basin, Iran. Sustainable allocation of water resources with viewpoint of economic efficiency and social equity is necessary to reduce these conflicts which is assessed in this study. Setting the sustainability of water allocation as the model constraint guarantees the minimum environmental requirements in water resource planning. In this study, a multi-objective programming model was developed to supply the requirements of the environmental, industrial and agricultural sectors in Sefidroud basin. The objectives of the model were to maximize the economic benefit efficiency for the development of improved water allocation strategies as well to maximize the water allocation equity (measured by using of the Gini coefficient). NSGA-II algorithm was used to solve the developed multi-objective programming model. The best solution among pareto front was selected according to equilibrium viewpoint due to considering economic efficiency and social equity among stakeholders simultaneously. Additionally, two scenarios were defined in terms of the rate of water loss and available water to assess the developed multiobjective programming model. The results showed that river basin authorities should decrease the rate of water loss and increase the available water to improve water allocation efficiency and equity. Additionally, the decrease in available water had highest impact on water allocation equity, but it had least impact on economic benefit efficiency. Furthermore, it should be considered for implementing water-saving policies according to critical conditions of water resources.

In this study, weather conditions such as air humidity, temperature air, and wind speed were investigated in relation to wind turbine efficiency with the approach of an exergy study. In this study, the wind speed has been investigated in two different climatic regions of Iran with an approximate distance of 1200 km, in the names of Ardabil and Marvast. The amount of wind density of Ardabil is equal to 66 (kW/m2) and Marvast is equal to 123 (kW/m2). Power production using a 10 (Kw) wind turbine in the Ardabil region is 2.3 (MWh) and in the Marvast region is 3.2 (MWh) per year. The highest wind turbine exergy efficiency is 0.48 in the Ardabil region, and the highest exergy efficiency in the Marvast region is 0.18. The amount of reduction of CO2 gas production, using wind turbines in comparison to gas and diesel power plants in Ardabil, are 1.1 and 2.1 tons and in Marvast are 1.5 and 2.9 tons per year. This reduction in CO2 greenhouse gas per year is equal to using a forest region of 1000 (m2) to 3000 (m2). The use of wind turbines reduces the fuel consumption of diesel power plants in the Ardabil region for the amount of 797.4 liters and in the Marvast region for the amount of 1244 liters of diesel per year. According to this review, it can be concluded that in addition to wind speed, air humidity plays a significant role in the selection, installation, and commissioning of wind turbines in the region. According to this survey, it can be seen that in the Ardabil region, the wind speed of the wind turbine has a higher exergy efficiency than in the Marvast region, and it can be concluded that the wind turbine has performed better in the Ardabil region.

The existence of equity markets is one of the economic indicators and its active functioning facilitates the financial support to companies and small investments of investors in the pursuit of productive activities and prevention of possible stagnation of small investments and yielding earnings for all and other benefits related to the equity markets. Since different regions, due to possessing different potentials and capabilities, have not developed with the same degree, this potential exists that a well-functioning equity market could lead to an observable expansion of regional investments and creat new opportunities in their economies. These opportunities, arising from the establishment and expansion of regional equity markets, could turn these potentials into actions, thus, leading to regional economic progress. Hence, the purpose of this research was to considerand investigate the impact of expansion of equity markets on the economic growth of Isfahan which with spatial study and specific tests considered, it was shown that, despite of existing impediments in the exansion of regional stock exchanges, due to providing financial support to the existing businesses in the region, they would be effective in the regional growth and development.

Background & Aim: Regional odonto dysplasia (ROD) is an unusual nonhereditary of teeth with significantly clinical and radiographic features. Affected teeth usually remain unerupted or semi-erupted with a discoloration and irregular shape. Radiographically these teeth have a large pulp chamber and thin layer of enamel and dentin with similar density.This article is introducing a female patient who was affected by regional odonto dysplasia (ROD) (a developmental abnormality) and treatment of this patient.Case Report: This patient is a ten-year-old girl was referred to us with unerupted anterior maxillary teeth. Her parents stated that the CBA l  A teeth were extracted at the age of 3 for infection. At the first appointment the erupted left maxillary central tooth had malformation, discoloration and a related fistula with infected drainage. The 321l  teeth germs were not erupted. Due to surgical procedure the left permanent incisor (IV was extracted and right permanent central, lateral and canine (321l ) were enucleated, and appropriate prosthetic treatment was performed for patient after a while.

The courts of equity in England have evolved some principles in Latin which later was translated into English. These were called Maxims of Equity. Maxims of Equity were developed during the centuries. Courts of Equity were in power to hear and determine disputes in which the Courts of Law could not grant requested relief. These courts were first presided by the King's chancellor who held "the King's Conscience" and heard the complaints for equitable relief. To decide a case, these courts considered a body of law or jurisprudence developed which was later phrased in the form of maxims. During centuries these maxims were evolved and its numbers grow. However, today the main body of maxims consists of 12 main rules. This article tries to introduce and explain these maxims to the readers in order to familiarize them with the main principles Equity has in mind when hearing and deciding a case.